Delve #
Delve1 是使用Go语言实现的,专门用来调试Go程序的工具。它跟
GDB 工具类似,相比
GDB,它简单易用,能够更好的理解和处理Go语言的数据结构和语言特性,比如它支持打印 goroutine
以及 defer
函数等Go特有的语法特性。Delve 简称 dlv
,后文将以 dlv
代称 Delve.
安装 #
# 安装最新版本
go get -u github.com/go-delve/delve/cmd/dlv
# 查看版本
dlv version
使用 #
开始调试 #
dlv
使用 debug
命令进入调试界面:
dlv debug main.go
如果当前目录是 main
包所在目录时候,可以不用指定 main.go
文件这个参数的。假定项目结构如下:
.
├── github.com/me/foo
├── cmd
│ └── foo
│ └── main.go
├── pkg
│ └── baz
│ ├── bar.go
│ └── bar_test.go
如果当前已在 cmd/foo
目录下,我们可以直接执行 dlv debug
命令开始调试。在任何目录下我们可以使用 dlv debug github.com/me/foo/cmd/foo
开始调试。
如果已构建成二进制可执行文件,我们可以使用 dlv exec
命令开始调试:
dlv exec /youpath/go_binary_file
对于需要命令行参数才能启动的程序,我们可以通过--
来传递命令行参数,比如如下:
dlv debug github.com/me/foo/cmd/foo -- -arg1 value
dlv exec /mypath/binary -- --config=config.toml
对于已经运行的程序,可以使用 attach
命令,进行跟踪调试指定 pid
的Go应用:
dlv attach pid
除了上面调试 main
包外,dlv
通过 test
子命令还支持调试 test
文件:
dlv test github.com/me/foo/pkg/baz
接下来我们可以使用 help
命令查看 dlv
支持的命令有哪些:
(dlv) help
The following commands are available:
Running the program:
call ------------------------ Resumes process, injecting a function call (EXPERIMENTAL!!!)
continue (alias: c) --------- Run until breakpoint or program termination.
next (alias: n) ------------- Step over to next source line.
rebuild --------------------- Rebuild the target executable and restarts it. It does not work if the executable was not built by delve.
restart (alias: r) ---------- Restart process.
step (alias: s) ------------- Single step through program.
step-instruction (alias: si) Single step a single cpu instruction.
stepout (alias: so) --------- Step out of the current function.
Manipulating breakpoints:
break (alias: b) ------- Sets a breakpoint.
breakpoints (alias: bp) Print out info for active breakpoints.
clear ------------------ Deletes breakpoint.
clearall --------------- Deletes multiple breakpoints.
condition (alias: cond) Set breakpoint condition.
on --------------------- Executes a command when a breakpoint is hit.
trace (alias: t) ------- Set tracepoint.
Viewing program variables and memory:
args ----------------- Print function arguments.
display -------------- Print value of an expression every time the program stops.
examinemem (alias: x) Examine memory:
locals --------------- Print local variables.
print (alias: p) ----- Evaluate an expression.
regs ----------------- Print contents of CPU registers.
set ------------------ Changes the value of a variable.
vars ----------------- Print package variables.
whatis --------------- Prints type of an expression.
Listing and switching between threads and goroutines:
goroutine (alias: gr) -- Shows or changes current goroutine
goroutines (alias: grs) List program goroutines.
thread (alias: tr) ----- Switch to the specified thread.
threads ---------------- Print out info for every traced thread.
Viewing the call stack and selecting frames:
deferred --------- Executes command in the context of a deferred call.
down ------------- Move the current frame down.
frame ------------ Set the current frame, or execute command on a different frame.
stack (alias: bt) Print stack trace.
up --------------- Move the current frame up.
Other commands:
config --------------------- Changes configuration parameters.
disassemble (alias: disass) Disassembler.
edit (alias: ed) ----------- Open where you are in $DELVE_EDITOR or $EDITOR
exit (alias: quit | q) ----- Exit the debugger.
funcs ---------------------- Print list of functions.
help (alias: h) ------------ Prints the help message.
libraries ------------------ List loaded dynamic libraries
list (alias: ls | l) ------- Show source code.
source --------------------- Executes a file containing a list of delve commands
sources -------------------- Print list of source files.
types ---------------------- Print list of types
Type help followed by a command for full documentation.
接下来我们将以下面代码作为示例演示如何dlv进行调试。
package main
import "fmt"
func main() {
fmt.Println("go")
}
设置断点 #
当我们使用 dlv debug main.go
命令进行 dlv
调试之后,我们可以设置断点。
(dlv) b main.main # 在main函数处设置断点
Breakpoint 1 set at 0x4adf8f for main.main() ./main.go:5
继续执行 #
设置断点之后,我们可以通过 continue
命令,可以简写成 c
,继续执行到我们设置的断点处。
(dlv) c
> main.main() ./main.go:5 (hits goroutine(1):1 total:1) (PC: 0x4adf8f)
1: package main
2:
3: import "fmt"
4:
=> 5: func main() {
6: fmt.Println("go")
7: }
注意不同于
GDB 需要执行 run
命令启动应用之后,才能执行 continue
命令。而 dlv
在进入调试界面之后,已经指向程序的入口地址处,可以直接执行 continue
命令
执行下一条指令 #
我们可以通过next命令,可以简写成n
,来执行下一行源码。同
GDB 一样,next
命令是 Step over
操作,遇到函数时不会进入函数内部一行行代码执行,而是直接执行函数,然后跳过到函数下面的一行代码。
(dlv) n
go
> main.main() ./main.go:7 (PC: 0x4adfff)
2:
3: import "fmt"
4:
5: func main() {
6: fmt.Println("go")
=> 7: }
打印栈信息 #
通过 stack
命令,我们可以查看函数栈信息:
(dlv) stack
0 0x00000000004adfff in main.main
at ./main.go:7
1 0x0000000000436be8 in runtime.main
at /usr/lib/go/src/runtime/proc.go:203
2 0x0000000000464621 in runtime.goexit
at /usr/lib/go/src/runtime/asm_amd64.s:1373
打印gorountine信息 #
通过goroutines
命令,可以简写成grs
,我们可以查看所有 goroutine
:
(dlv) goroutines
* Goroutine 1 - User: ./main.go:7 main.main (0x4adfff) (thread 14358)
Goroutine 2 - User: /usr/lib/go/src/runtime/proc.go:305 runtime.gopark (0x436f9b)
Goroutine 3 - User: /usr/lib/go/src/runtime/proc.go:305 runtime.gopark (0x436f9b)
Goroutine 4 - User: /usr/lib/go/src/runtime/proc.go:305 runtime.gopark (0x436f9b)
Goroutine 5 - User: /usr/lib/go/src/runtime/mfinal.go:161 runtime.runfinq (0x418f80)
[5 goroutines]
goroutine
命令,可以简写成 gr
,用来显示当前 goroutine
信息:
(dlv) goroutine
Thread 14358 at ./main.go:7
Goroutine 1:
Runtime: ./main.go:7 main.main (0x4adfff)
User: ./main.go:7 main.main (0x4adfff)
Go: /usr/lib/go/src/runtime/asm_amd64.s:220 runtime.rt0_go (0x462594)
Start: /usr/lib/go/src/runtime/proc.go:113 runtime.main (0x436a20)
查看汇编代码 #
通过 disassemble
命令,可以简写成 disass
,我们可以查看汇编代码:
(dlv) disass
TEXT main.main(SB) /tmp/dlv/main.go
main.go:5 0x4adf80 64488b0c25f8ffffff mov rcx, qword ptr fs:[0xfffffff8]
main.go:5 0x4adf89 483b6110 cmp rsp, qword ptr [rcx+0x10]
main.go:5 0x4adf8d 767a jbe 0x4ae009
main.go:5 0x4adf8f* 4883ec68 sub rsp, 0x68
main.go:5 0x4adf93 48896c2460 mov qword ptr [rsp+0x60], rbp
main.go:5 0x4adf98 488d6c2460 lea rbp, ptr [rsp+0x60]
main.go:6 0x4adf9d 0f57c0 xorps xmm0, xmm0
main.go:6 0x4adfa0 0f11442438 movups xmmword ptr [rsp+0x38], xmm0
main.go:6 0x4adfa5 488d442438 lea rax, ptr [rsp+0x38]
main.go:6 0x4adfaa 4889442430 mov qword ptr [rsp+0x30], rax
main.go:6 0x4adfaf 8400 test byte ptr [rax], al
main.go:6 0x4adfb1 488d0d28ed0000 lea rcx, ptr [rip+0xed28]
main.go:6 0x4adfb8 48894c2438 mov qword ptr [rsp+0x38], rcx
main.go:6 0x4adfbd 488d0dcce10300 lea rcx, ptr [rip+0x3e1cc]
main.go:6 0x4adfc4 48894c2440 mov qword ptr [rsp+0x40], rcx
main.go:6 0x4adfc9 8400 test byte ptr [rax], al
main.go:6 0x4adfcb eb00 jmp 0x4adfcd
main.go:6 0x4adfcd 4889442448 mov qword ptr [rsp+0x48], rax
main.go:6 0x4adfd2 48c744245001000000 mov qword ptr [rsp+0x50], 0x1
main.go:6 0x4adfdb 48c744245801000000 mov qword ptr [rsp+0x58], 0x1
main.go:6 0x4adfe4 48890424 mov qword ptr [rsp], rax
main.go:6 0x4adfe8 48c744240801000000 mov qword ptr [rsp+0x8], 0x1
main.go:6 0x4adff1 48c744241001000000 mov qword ptr [rsp+0x10], 0x1
main.go:6 0x4adffa e811a1ffff call $fmt.Println
=> main.go:7 0x4adfff 488b6c2460 mov rbp, qword ptr [rsp+0x60]
main.go:7 0x4ae004 4883c468 add rsp, 0x68
main.go:7 0x4ae008 c3 ret
main.go:5 0x4ae009 e8e247fbff call $runtime.morestack_noctxt
<autogenerated>:1 0x4ae00e e96dffffff jmp $main.main
dlv
默认显示的是 intel
风格汇编代码,我们可以通过 config
命令设置 gnu
或者 go
风格代码:
(dlv) config disassemble-flavor go
这种方式更改的配置只会对此次调试有效,若保证下次调试一样有效,我们需要将其配置到配置文件中。dlv
默认配置文件是 HOME/.config/dlv/config.yml
。我们只需要在配置文件加入以下内容:
disassemble-flavor: go